摘要：<p class="MsoNormal"> 西安<span style="font-family:宋體;">不銹鋼</span>板<span style="font-family:宋體;">進口需要注意的問題</span> <o:p></o:p> </p> <p class="MsoNormal"> 西安<span style="font-family:宋體;">不銹鋼</span>板<span style="font-family:宋體;">進口使用的不銹鋼材料分進口與國產兩種，國產材料，由于使用的是歐洲（</span>ISO<span style="font-family:宋體;">）體系，用成分表示，比較直觀，不容易發生問題，現在我們重點談談進口不銹鋼的一些需要注意的問題： </span><br /> 西安<span style="font-family:宋體;">不銹鋼</span>板<span style="font-family:宋體;">進口材料標準</span> <br /> <span style="font-family:宋體;">現在，我們經常見到的進口不銹鋼標準有美國</span>ASME<span style="font-family:宋體;">標準的</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">SA240</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">、</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">ASTM</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">標準的</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">A240</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">以及日本</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">JIS</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">標準的</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">SUS</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">；經常使用的牌號為</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">304</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">、</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">304L</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">、</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">316L</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">等。下面以</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">304</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">為例來說明它們的表示方法：</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">JIS</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">標準中材料，表示比較簡單，就是</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">SUS304</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">這樣表示；</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">ASME</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">及</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">ASTM</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">的表示有幾種：</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">SA240-304</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">、</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">SA240TP304</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">、</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">A240-304</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">、</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">A240TP304</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">，實際上，中間加</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">-</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">與加</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">TP</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">的意思是一樣的。我們提到前面有</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">304L</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">的材料，其中</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">L</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">為后綴，表示含碳量較低；經?？梢钥吹降倪€有</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">H</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">，表示含碳量較高，主要使用在溫度較高的場合；另外常見的還有</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">N</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">，表示加元素</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">N</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">，提高強度。有時候，我們還可以在后面見到：</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">2B</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">，</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">No.1</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">等后綴，這些后綴表示的是材料的表面狀態；</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">2B</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">表示熱軋加冷軋后，表面較好，達到鏡面要求的</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">鋼板</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">；</span>2D<span style="font-family:宋體;">表示熱軋加冷軋后，表面一般的鋼板；</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">No.1</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">表示熱軋表面。 </span><br /> 西安<span style="font-family:宋體;">不銹鋼</span>板<span style="font-family:宋體;">進口關于材料的代用</span> <o:p></o:p> </p> <p class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-family:宋體;">在許多人心目中，材料</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">“</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">以高代低、以厚代薄</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">”</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">是天經地義的事情，不需要多管，實際上這種觀點是錯誤的，下面我們以</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">304</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">、</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">304L</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">、</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">304H</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">為例來進行說明：一般來看，</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">304L</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">比</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">304</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">有更低的含碳量，更好的耐腐蝕性，因此可以代替</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">304</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">材料使用。確實</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">304L</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">滿足</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">304</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">的要求，而且比</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">304</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">更好，好像可以自動替代</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">304</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">，但從力學性能看，</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">304</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">的強度比</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">304L</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">高，當按</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">304</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">設計時，用</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">304L</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">替代，就會造成強度不夠；另外，在我國壓力容器標準</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">GB150-1998</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">中</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">4.1.6</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">條規定：奧氏體不銹鋼的使用溫度高于</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">525</span>℃<span style="font-family:宋體;">時，鋼中含碳量應不小于</span>0.04%<span style="font-family:宋體;">。因此，認為</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">304L</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">可以代替</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">304</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">使用的觀點是錯誤的，能不能使用與使用場合有關，而且按照容規規定，我們都沒有權進行</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">“</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">材料代用</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">”</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">，只有原設計部門才可以有權進行</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">"</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">材料代用</span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">"</span><span style="font-family:宋體;">的工作。</span><o:p></o:p> </p>